Delhi Toxic Smog Triggers 60% Surge in Eye Problems: How to Protect Your Vision During Severe Air Pollution

Delhi's air quality, which has deteriorated to "severe" levels since Diwali, has resulted in residents struggling to breathe properly.

New Delhi residents are experiencing a significant increase in eye-related problems as the city remains shrouded in thick smog and toxic air. Doctors report that both adults and children are suffering from various eye conditions including allergies, dryness, burning sensations, and excessive watering.

Ophthalmologists have noted a 60 percent surge in such cases since air quality plunged to severe levels after Diwali celebrations. Medical experts attribute these issues to a dangerous combination of smoke, particulate matter, and chemical residues from firecracker burning. They emphasize that this extreme pollution damages not only lungs but eyes as well.

Dr. Ikeda Lal, Senior Cornea, Cataract and Refractive Surgery Specialist at Delhi Eye Centre and Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, stated, "We always anticipate an increase in eye complaints following Diwali. Patient numbers complaining of itching, redness, and irritation have increased by approximately 50-60 percent."

"We're treating patients with severe eye allergies, and individuals with pre-existing dry eye conditions are experiencing considerably more discomfort than usual. The pollution, dust, and chemical exposure combination is proving particularly harmful to the ocular surface," Dr. Lal explained.

The persistent "severe" air quality in Delhi since Diwali has created dangerous breathing conditions for citizens. Health experts caution that extended exposure to such toxic air can develop into chronic eye conditions, especially among those who work outdoors for extended periods, such as traffic officers, delivery workers, and school children.

According to Dr. Rajesh Sinha, Professor of Ophthalmology at the RP Centre in AIIMS, patient numbers suffering from eye dryness, burning sensations, and watery eyes have increased by approximately 50 percent in recent days.

"Many patients describe feeling gritty or heavy eyes, which are typical symptoms of pollution-induced ocular allergies. Even otherwise healthy individuals are experiencing irritation due to the poor air quality," he observed.

"Airborne particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) can settle on eye surfaces, damaging the tear film and causing inflammation. Ignoring preventive measures can lead to infections or temporary vision blurring. Those already susceptible to allergies or dry eye disease face considerably higher risks," Dr. Sinha added.

Eyes are directly exposed to environmental conditions, making them among the first organs affected when pollution levels rise. Pollutants including nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon particles react with eye moisture, causing chemical irritation and inflammation.

Dr. Lal further explained that eyes have a delicate surface that depends on a healthy tear film for comfort and clear vision. Pollution disrupts this balance, resulting in dry, red eyes that become more susceptible to infection. Even brief smog exposure can cause stinging, itching, or watering eyes.

Contact lens wearers and those who use makeup are particularly vulnerable, as tiny particles can become trapped between the lens and cornea, worsening inflammation, according to Dr. Lal.

Medical recommendations include avoiding contact lenses and heavy eye makeup during high-pollution periods. Instead, doctors advise using lubricating eye drops, wearing protective eyewear, and washing eyes frequently with clean water to minimize pollution impacts.

Additional recommendations include limiting outdoor activities during peak smog hours and using air purifiers indoors to reduce exposure to irritating particles.

Doctors emphasize that anyone experiencing persistent eye redness, pain, or vision blurring should promptly consult an ophthalmologist rather than self-medicating.

Dr. Sinha warned that recurring exposure to high pollution levels can cause chronic inflammation and progressive damage to the ocular surface, affecting both comfort and long-term vision.

"Protecting your eyes deserves the same attention as protecting your lungs during this season. Simple measures like wearing glasses and using lubricating drops can significantly help," Dr. Sinha advised.

Medical professionals note that children's eyes are more sensitive, and their tendency to spend more time outdoors increases their risk of developing allergic conjunctivitis and infections.

Elderly individuals often experience decreased tear production, making their eyes drier and more vulnerable to irritation. Doctors recommend older adults remain indoors during peak pollution periods and ensure their eyes stay well-lubricated.

The medical experts caution that ignoring eye irritation or postponing treatment could result in long-term damage to cornea and tear glands.