Comprehensive Analysis of Trump's 28-Point Plan to End the Russia-Ukraine Conflict: Security Guarantees, Territorial Concessions, and International Implications

Ukraine's sovereignty will be confirmed under the plan.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky has expressed willingness to collaborate on the 28-point peace plan formulated by the US and Russia. This proposal would require Kyiv to surrender significant territories currently occupied by Moscow. Zelensky mentioned he anticipates discussions with US President Donald Trump in the near future regarding these proposals, which align with many of Russian President Vladimir Putin's wartime demands.

Zelensky's office confirmed that Ukraine has officially received a draft plan from Washington, which American officials believe could reinvigorate diplomatic efforts. This statement followed a meeting with senior US generals visiting Kyiv.

The Ukrainian President has "outlined the fundamental principles important to our people, and following today's meeting, the parties agreed to work on the plan's provisions to achieve a just conclusion to the war," according to the statement. Zelensky also expects to discuss with Trump "existing diplomatic opportunities and key requirements for achieving peace."

The proposed 28-point peace plan, modeled after the Gaza ceasefire structure, aims to end Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine, now in its fourth year. The plan incorporates Kremlin demands for concessions that Kyiv has consistently deemed unacceptable, which have previously hindered efforts to persuade Putin to agree to a ceasefire.

Under the proposal, Ukrainian regions including Crimea, Luhansk, and Donetsk would be "recognized as de facto Russian, including by the United States." The plan also proposes limiting Ukraine's military size and gradually lifting sanctions on Moscow. Additionally, Ukraine would be required to conduct elections within 100 days and abandon aspirations for NATO membership.

Ukraine would receive a US security guarantee, though Washington would receive compensation for this provision. The US would also obtain 50 percent of profits allocated for Ukraine's reconstruction and investment, while establishing an economic partnership with Russia once sanctions are lifted.

The 28 points of the plan include:

1. Confirmation of Ukraine's sovereignty.

2. A comprehensive non-aggression agreement between Russia, Ukraine, and Europe to resolve historical ambiguities.

3. Expectations that Russia will not invade neighboring countries, with no further NATO expansion.

4. US-mediated dialogue between Russia and NATO to address security issues and create conditions for de-escalation.

5. Reliable security guarantees for Ukraine from the US.

6. Ukraine's armed forces limited to 600,000 personnel (currently 800,000-850,000).

7. Constitutional provision preventing Ukraine from joining NATO, with NATO statutes amended to reflect this permanent exclusion.

8. NATO agreement not to station troops in Ukraine.

9. European fighter jets stationed in Poland.

10. US compensation for providing security guarantees, with conditions regarding potential invalidation.

11. Ukraine's eligibility for EU membership with preferential market access.

12. Global measures for Ukraine's reconstruction, including development funds for technology and infrastructure investments.

13. Russia's reintegration into the global economy with gradual sanctions relief and renewed economic cooperation.

14. Investment of $100 billion in frozen Russian assets for Ukraine's rebuilding, with the US receiving 50 percent of profits.

15. Establishment of a joint American-Russian working group on security issues.

16. Russia's legal commitment to non-aggression toward Europe and Ukraine.

17. Extension of US-Russia nuclear non-proliferation treaties.

18. Ukraine's commitment to remain a non-nuclear state.

19. Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant operation under IAEA supervision with equal electricity distribution.

20. Educational programs promoting cultural understanding and protection of linguistic minorities.

21. Recognition of Crimea, Luhansk, and Donetsk as de facto Russian territories, with Kherson and Zaporizhzhia frozen along current lines of contact.

22. Mutual commitment against forceful territorial changes.

23. Russia's agreement not to obstruct Ukraine's commercial use of the Dnieper River and Black Sea grain transport.

24. Humanitarian committee for prisoner exchanges and family reunification.

25. Ukrainian elections within 100 days.

26. Full amnesty for all parties involved in the conflict.

27. Legally binding agreement monitored by a Peace Council headed by Donald Trump.

28. Immediate ceasefire upon agreement to the memorandum.