Ancient Karnataka: Prehistoric Settlement Discovered with Stone Tools and 3000 BCE Bison Petroglyphs

Researchers have discovered evidence suggesting prehistoric human habitation in Karnataka's Vijayanagara district, including stone tools, pottery fragments, and petroglyphs.

The Vijayanagara Exploration Research Team uncovered these artifacts in Meenakere village situated along the Hagari river banks. The discoveries include Microlithic tools—small stone implements used during the Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) period. Additionally, a polished Neolithic hand axe, pottery fragments, and Megalithic petroglyphs were found, indicating possible prehistoric human settlement in the area. Petroglyphs, which existed before written language, are rock carvings created by incising or chiseling rock surfaces.

The research team also uncovered a birthstone slab (approximately 3000 BCE, Neolithic period) that was flattened and carved with a large bison image. According to Dr. Govind from the Kannada Literature Department at Kannada University, the figure resembles the modern Indian bison (gaur), suggesting these animals were either domesticated or familiar to ancient humans in pre-Christian times. Another rounded stone nearby features a large cow image.

The bison petroglyph measures approximately 3 feet in height and 3 feet in length, featuring curved horns and two upright forelegs. Both scholars and local residents have called for immediate conservation of these unique rock engravings.

In nearby Kumati village, previous archaeological work had already revealed megalithic-era monolithic human figures.

These findings still require carbon dating and verification from state authorities and the Archaeological Survey of India.